Business Entrepreneurs - 896 Words

The entrepreneur is the pioneer, the managers the applier of existing best practices. The entrepreneur engages in strategic activity, the managers need to focus on tactical or operational activity. The entrepreneur formulates a strategy, the manager implements that strategy. Business success will depend on the continuing renewal and application of the entrepreneurial spirits. Business success depends on the application and an efficient management team. The attrition rate of any new business is extremely high. In the US, the supporter of the entrepreneurial spirit, numerous new enterprises will fail each year. However in a long-term historical perspective, business success is short-lived. Only a handful of the largest companies with break†¦show more content†¦Companies may however, choose a stability strategy because the entrepreneur is mostly generating employment for family members. Providing the family a decent living†, and being the boss of a firm small enough that he or she can manage it comfortably. Finally some business owners dont pursue a growth strategy because they do not want the loss of control that results from bank debt or the sale of stock to outsiders. Question 12 What are advantages and disadvantages of privatization of state- owned business? The privatization of state-owned business enterprises is likely to continue globally for most of these enterprises must expand internationally in order to survive in the increasingly global environment. They cannot compete successfully if they are forced to follow inefficient. Policies and regulations emphasizing employment over efficiency rather than economically oriented, international practices will emphasize efficiency over employment. The global trend to privatization will probably continue until each country reaches the point where the efficiency of business is counter by the effectiveness of the not-for-profit of economy. However as political motives overcome economic ones, government will likely interfere with that decision. Some of the advantages of taking a company from state-owned to a private company are that it will force the company to operate efficiently without state subsidies. If you do not do so you will go out of business. You will beShow MoreRelatedAn Entrepreneur And Develop A Successful Business Essay1983 Words   |  8 PagesWould you like to become an entrepreneur and develop a successful business? The following will provide information on how to do this in the ever-changing marketplace of the 21st century. Developing business ideas are easy, however actually developing a successful business in the 21st Century is known to be more difficult. Therefore, the 21st-century entrepreneur requires great skills, qualities, and attributes. â€Å"In a small business, you can be both the entrepreneur and the manager while you areRead MoreWhy Entrepreneurs Start Their Own Business1676 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping society. The term ‘entrepreneur’ is becoming increasingly common amongst individuals in society. Living in a constantly developing world, with rapid technological, environmental and social changes that effect the way we live means the modern man is constantly seeking new and innovative ways to adapt to these changes. During this research paper I will discuss my findings of what the motivations are of an entrepreneur to start a business. Having interviewed an entrepreneur, I got a sense of howRead MoreEntrepreneurs Personality for Being Successful in Business3102 Words   |  13 PagesEntrepreneurs Personality for Being Successful in Business Miss. Sarita Ghanshyam Tiwari, (M.Com. M. Phil.) e-mail: tiwari_sarita@rediffmail.com Abstract Business success may causes due to many factors, but the greatest determinant of the business success is the entrepreneur himself / herself. Therefore, the question of what makes a successful entrepreneur is very important. There have been many answers to this question. Some people think entrepreneurs are born, othersRead MoreThe Challenges Of A Entrepreneur And Start A Business885 Words   |  4 PagesAn entrepreneur is a natural born individual that can emerge and flourish anywhere, even in the smallest country in the World such as Monaco. All it takes is an idea and a dream to turn it into an opportunity. Entrepreneurs are not only limited to carry out a businesses at a domestic level, but also international. Entrepreneurs are dynamic individuals that have the initiative to take risks and start up a business, have the vision and objectives, and are the future of the economy. I have interviewedRead MoreMy Business : An Entrepreneur1641 Words   |  7 PagesMy business concerns In order to flourish a new business an entrepreneur has to face various hurdles. He has to maintain different aspects of his business that he is running. The entrepreneur starts to launch a business on hope that the business will flourish in a few days or in months. But the situation is entirely different. We have to first tackle different issues before starting a business. The following are the situations that an entrepreneur has to face. 1. Not having much business and marketingRead MoreThe Difference Between An Entrepreneur And A Business Owner1681 Words   |  7 PagesEvery entrepreneur was started as a small business owner. The economy was founded by numbers of small business and by time, some business owners seek a room on growth, and some are satisfied with the current condition. Today, as the phenomenon of globalisation, an interesting idea could transform itself to be a business opportunity if an entrepreneur is keen to. In fact, an entrepreneur could be a small business owner (SBO); however, not every SBO could be seen as an entrepreneur. This essay developsRead MoreContribution Of Entrepreneurs And New Zealand Business Environment Essay2679 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction The Investopedia defines the entrepreneur as a person who starts his own business by taking lot of risks. (Entrepreneur, 2014). Most of the large organisations around the world have been started by entrepreneurs. The contribution of entrepreneurs to a country’s business environment holds a high value. EY Entrepreneur of The Year Award s Director, Jon Hooper stated that â€Å"Successful entrepreneurs have an extraordinary passion, self-belief and that keeps them going when others might giveRead MoreEntrepreneurs Are Born Not Made And How The Small Start Ups Changed The Business Industries Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagespaper are: entrepreneurs are born not made and how the small start-ups have changed the business industries. Many arguments were for and against that entrepreneurs are born with inherent highly developed business skills. Entrepreneurship is a comprehensive term that is an immensely arduous to delineate (Thurik and Carree, 2005). However, the research which was accomplished about entrepreneurs, I think that entrepreneurs are not born they are made on the stage of cultivating new business ideas intoRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: a Case Study on Boutique Business10735 Words   |  43 PagesIntroduction 1.1 Introduction: Entrepreneurs are arguably the most important actors in our economy: the creators of new wealth and new jobs, the inventors of new products and services, and the revolutionizes of society and the economy. Yet despite their centrality, little is known about entrepreneurs: what motivates them, how they emerge, why they succeed. We know even less about who becomes an entrepreneur, and why. Women are one particularly understudied group of entrepreneurs. We know very little aboutRead MoreHow Entrepreneurs Can Be Wary And Critical Of Encouraging Business Start Up?1917 Words   |  8 Pagessociety be wary and critical of encouraging business start-up? Entrepreneurs start businesses. The depiction of entrepreneurs in the media often differs to the reality of who they actually are. Most people would describe entrepreneurs as â€Å"heroes who stand alone† or someone who is â€Å"very special†, (Shane, 2009, p.40). This isn’t actually the case, as the common entrepreneur isn’t necessarily someone who starts a huge conglomerate. A typical entrepreneur is instead likely to be a white male in his

Answering questions Free Essays

2-A. Recently, a comedian on a television show remarked that he thought it was funny that people turn the car radio off when they are looking for a house number in a strange neighborhood. What theory of attention is this comedian adhering to? The comedian based his remarks on the theory of divided attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Answering questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now This theory states that attention can be divided into two separate states, wherein one can attend to two things or stimuli at the same time, without sacrificing the quality of attention given to either of the two stimuli (Reisberg, 2001). Thus to the comedian, one can continue listening to the radio and at the same time look for the house number, and it perfectly makes sense to him that a person can do both of it since it does not really require an intense concentration. However, a case in point is that looking for a house number in a long row of houses may be quite a challenging task, one that requires concentration and selective attention. Yes, it can be said that keeping the radio on would not make any difference but to those who prefer to look closely and to be able to do so safely would naturally turn their radios off. Just imagine yourself driving slowly in a street you are unfamiliar with and keeping the radio on would mask the noise of incoming traffic or even pedestrians. Besides, when a person is involved in one task, like looking for a house, then one instinctively attends to it and disregards the other sounds, sights and disturbances in the immediate environment. Divided attention is very real, we engage it once in a while especially if we multi-task but we could do so in a limited period, for example think of how you can possibly manage to entertain questions from an officemate at your table and at the same time talk to someone on the phone, you could do both for a maximum of 2 minutes, but eventually one stimuli takes greater attention and we must give our full attention to it. On the other hand, with training, anybody can make use of divided attention, but its contributions and benefits in engaging in it remains to be seen since much research has to be done in this area. 2-B. Based on what you have learned about perception and attention, do you think it’s safe for people to talk on cellular phones while they are driving? Learning about how we perceive the world around us gives us a better way of understanding how intricate the human mind is and how even a faculty that we often take for granted can have a profound impact in our daily lives. Perception refers to a complex process of how we receive a stimuli, how our brain process the stimuli, and how our mind tells us what to do and how to react to the stimuli (Reisberg, 2001). It can be said that a disruption of any of the lines of our perception may have adverse consequences; sometimes it can be bizarre, like when a person cannot recognize the face of love one but instead are able to say that they look like a family member. Taking our study of perception into our daily activities, a debated issue like â€Å"is it safe to talk on the cell phone while driving† is better explained. I still believe that it is not safe to talk on the cellular phones while driving. Driving already entails a number of processes and is quite demanding of our attention, like when you are in the freeway, one has to be conscious of incoming traffic, cars at you back, the speed limit of the highway, and even looking out for possible mishaps in the road, on top of which, the driver must be conscious of the cars fuel level, brake fluid and tire conditions. So how could anybody be able to talk on the phone while driving? Talking on the phone also demands attention; we have to perceive and process what the other person is saying, and to even think of the appropriate response to what they are saying. Theories on perception have stated that our mind works overtime just to process and be able to respond to external stimuli, and that each part of the brain is involve in different ways just to come up with the correct processing of information (Reisberg, 2001), like being able to recognize faces of family members. Perceptual illusions demonstrate that what we see may not be true or real, hence while driving we may not be able to accurately tell how far we are from the car ahead of us or how near we are to the railings without our full concentration. Reports have shown that many people die on the road or in car accidents than any disease. Perceptual overload occurs when we drive and talk on the phone, based on previous researches (Reisberg, 2001), perceptual overload makes us incorrectly perceive our surroundings and hence we may see what is not there, or we may not see what is really there. When we overload our senses it would mean that one part of the brain or our faculties might be sacrificed to compensate for the attention we give to another stimulus. And in an activity like driving which in itself is a high-risk behavior, we need complete control of our faculties, thus talking on the cell phone is not advisable. 2-C. Write a 200 word summary and critical analysis on Rayner’s article. Discuss what the article is basically about, its strong and weak points, how convincing (or unconvincing) you find its arguments, and how it might be followed up (e.g., if you think the article suggests any promising, new ideas for future research, describe what they are and how they might best be pursued.) The article â€Å"Eye Movements in Reading: Recent Developments† by Keith Rayner (1993) presents the latest development in the study of eye movement in the reading process. The strength of the article is that it gives a background of what has been discovered so far in the field of study, the article argues that studying eye movement is important for it help build theory and also used to infer perceptual and cognitive processes during reading thus the objective of the article. It also presents a number of theories that have used new methods in studying eye movement. What was weak about the article was that it was not able to connect how the new methods of studying would contrite to a better understanding of the cognitive processes that occur during reading. The article basically was not convincing when the author says that much remains to be seen when researchers realize how interesting a research data eye movement can be. The article does not arouse this interest and simply goes on to say that eye movement is a natural consequence of reading, which contradicts his claims earlier in the introduction part. The article was also too technical for the average reader even if the reader is interested in eye movement. References Rayner, K. (1993). Eye movements in reading: Recent developments. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2 (3): 81-85 Reisberg, D. (2001). Cognition: Exploring the science of the Mind, 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc.                   How to cite Answering questions, Essay examples

Impacts of Segmentation on Market Growth

Question: Discuss about theImpacts of Segmentation on Market Growth. Answer: Introduction Market segmentation involves the division of the market and the potential customers based on certain similar characteristics. Legge (2009) highlights that a market can be segmented based on shared features like demographical factors, common consumer needs, similar interests or similar consumer profiles. With segmentation, an organization is able to identify the portions of the market with potential for increased sales and hence profits. At the same time, the strategy enables the sellers to treat the selected areas while focusing on a particular area of specialization which is in conformation with identified common needs. It can therefore be deduced that dividing the market enables an organization to concentrate and hence exert more effort on the established target markets. According to Gavett (2014), when a segment is sufficiently managed, there is the likelihood of registering growth in the overall market for the goods or products. In this essay, we highlight the relationship betwee n market segmentation and market growth. Basing the arguments on review of relevant literature, the discussion seeks to establish whether or not segmentation is an ideal approach for enhancing market growth. Segmentation and Market Growth According to the theory of market segmentation, marketers tend to believe that each segment of the market is characterized by a unique need based on the interests of both the business and the consumer. As noted by Jones (2010), organizations tend to exert more effort on the segments of the market which are laced with a huge potential for increased sales and profit. For instance, when a given segment is identified to be productive, the business organization is likely to install strategies which would enhance adequate access to such locations. Such steps may include improving the infrastructure around the area in addition to updating the business-consumer relation strategies. Each of these steps may not only play a crucial role in stabilizing the companys market base but also expands it in one way or the other. Segmentation also enables a business organization to note the portions of the market which may not be ideal for good sales and hence return on investment. By identifying the specific needs, preferences and consumer profiles in a given region, the organizations are able to specialize their supply strategies. According to Craig (2009), the supply of products and services is always meant to satisfy these identified needs as much as possible. With this trend, the business organization lowers its marketing activity rate in the segments with low potential for growth. The resources which could have been used in these segments are therefore diverted to enhance the fertile market segments. This strategy leads to a gradual expansion of the market. Additionally, segmentation of the market enables the business organization to identify the portions in which the consumers experience low levels of satisfaction. The organization in turn uses these outcomes as an appropriate opportunity to enhance the market and hence sales. In order to achieve this, the company may modify their products and services in a manner that suits the needs of the consumers (Jones and Tadajewski, 2016). When the satisfaction in a given market segment is effectively achieved, the business organization establishes a firm grip of the clientele in the given region. With the registered success in this phase, the organization applies creativity and innovation to device new methods which in turn increases customer satisfaction within the target market. This strategy plays a pivotal role in enhancing market growth within a given segment. On the other hand, segmentation may not be considered an ideal approach of enhancing market growth especially when the strategies involved concentrate on one area at the expense of the other market portions. Due to the dynamic nature of the market, the consumer needs and preferences might change with variations in the social and economic status. This therefore implies that there is not specific guarantee a market segment will remain productive forever. As a result, a company may experience a drastic reduction in sales when the consumer reception in a given segment changes due to the encroachment of competitors offering better prices and services. The effect may be worse in case the companys market largely depended on the given segment. It can therefore be deduced that over-concentration in one portion of the market hinders an organization from exploring other options. When other segments are not adequately addressed, a holistic growth in the market base is greatly hindered. Conclusion When a market is effectively segmented, an organization is able to identify the areas with potential for growth. Strategies can therefore be implemented to enhance sales in the identified target market. This in turn enhances market growth. However, managing market segments requires effective strategies which would ensure minimal risks in case of changes in the market trends. In addition to identifying a particular productive segment, there is the vital need for an organization to diversify its marketing approaches. This enables the business entity to establish appropriate alternatives in case the target segment fails to meet the set target and organizational expectations. In a nut shell, segmentation can enhance market growth but only when the right management approaches are installed to accompany the strategy. References Craig, G. (2009) A BenefitBased Segmentation. Journal of Travel Research, 31(1), pp. 3035. Gavett, G. (2014) What You Need to Know About Segmentation. Harvard Business Review, 4(1), pp. 2-17. Jones, G. and Tadajewski, M. (2016) The Routledge Companion to Marketing History. Oxon: Routledge. Jones, R. (2010) The History of Marketing Research. Journal of Marketing, 14(5), pp. 71-80. Kleiman, L. (2010) Competitive Advantage and Public Policy: Grounding Segmentation Strategy in Resource-Advantage Theory. Australasian Marketing Journal, 12(1), pp. 7-25. Legge, D. (2009) Consumer Segmentation through Latent Class Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(1), pp. 170-174.

Thank You, Tubigon free essay sample

Crying boisterously like a new born baby, I ran towards my mama. Her big black eyes widened in exasperation; her eyebrows crossed like a war is about to happen. I knew the moment she secretly dressed herself up, she’s not bringing with me at all. Perseverant as I was, while she was already a foot away from the outside waiting shed of our recently painted gate, clasping her feet, I begged for her to bring me. It was a scorching afternoon. The sun shone like it has never shone before. People were too busy. Appearing like mushrooms everywhere, the many traders and merchants were not distracted by the fact that apart from their bunch of products, many people passing from here to there were very carelessly choosing and rumbling those products. After all, it was the weekly ‘’tabo’’ of the town of Tubigon. Little commotions were normal. Busy streets were okay. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You, Tubigon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everything was tolerable. For a 10-year old child, those knowledge were a gift already. Known for its highly developed community, Tubigon was a center of industrialization. From being an oblivious little kid, to a conscious young teen, I was a living witness of how Tubigon was molded into perfection. Walking like I was the mayor of the town, I navigated around the place. I was amazed by the quick reflection of urbanization. I dazzled in awe. In the far corner from the town plaza resides the once small ‘’sari-sari’’ store, now a 2-storey convenient store. Beside it was a vacant lot before, but now a private school.The town plaza itself perhaps lost its mellowness with the contemporary designs in its blocks surrounding its very premise; it perhaps gained a new life. Things have really changed a lot: it was as if in just a blink of an eye. While enchantment filled me in, I almost did not notice the immense brand sign which stands among the high posts and buildings around the town- the McDonald’s. It might just be a normal fast-food chain in any other cities, but for a town like Tubigon which is still in the process of development, it is but a stepping stone. I did not get inside; instead, I asked myself: Is it really a stepping stone? Or could there be a drawback? Nonetheless, happiness and excitement outweigh my illusions. I let those illusions passed me as hunger took over my body. Agitated on the thoughts of food, I ran towards my all-time favorite â€Å"halo-halo† store. As I enjoyed eating, realizations seemed to whisper in my ears, waiting for me to contemplate about it. Only then I understood: development is like a â€Å"halo-halo†; there are ingredients or mixtures that you don’t like, and along the way, you will get used it. But no matter how you dislike those ingredients or mixtures, the taste of sweetness will constantly prevail. It appears that Tubigon has molded my critical thinking abilities. Its development towards globalization seems to craft me into a person seeking for one’s self-development, too. Its achievements inspire me a lot to dream more and work harder to make those dreams a reality, one after the other. My intense aspiration to succeed has finally taken over my doubts. I thank Tubigon for helping me out towards realizing my goals in life!

Nietzsches The Use And Abuse Of History

Nietzsches The Use And Abuse Of History Between 1873 and 1876 Nietzsche published four â€Å"Untimely Meditations.†Ã‚   The second of these is the essay often referred to as â€Å"The Use and Abuse of History for Life.† (1874)   A more accurate translation of the title, though, is â€Å"On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life.† The Meaning of History and Life The two key terms in the title, â€Å"history† and â€Å"life† are used in a very broad way.   By â€Å"history,† Nietzsche mainly means historical knowledge of previous cultures (e.g. Greece, Rome, the Renaissance), which includes knowledge of past philosophy, literature, art, music, and so on.   But he also has in mind scholarship in general, including a commitment to strict principles of scholarly or scientific methods, and also a general historical self-awareness which continually places one’s own time and culture in relation to others that have come before. The term â€Å"life† is not clearly defined anywhere in the essay.   In one place Nietzsche describes it as â€Å"a dark driving insatiably self-desiring power,† but that doesn’t tell us much.   What he seems to have in mind most of the time, when he speaks of â€Å"life,† is something like a deep, rich, creative engagement with the world one is living in.   Here, as in all his writings, the creation of an impressive culture is of prime importance to Nietzsche.   What Nietzsche Is Opposing In the early 19th century, Hegel (1770-1831) had constructed a philosophy of history which saw the history of civilization as both the expansion of human freedom and the development of greater self-consciousness regarding the nature and meaning of history.   Hegel’s own philosophy represents the highest stage yet achieved in humanity’s self-understanding.   After Hegel, it was generally accepted that a knowledge of the past is a good thing.   In fact, the nineteenth century prided itself on being more historically informed than any previous age.   Nietzsche, however, as he loves to do, calls this widespread belief into question.   He identifies 3 approaches to history: the monumental, the antiquarian, and the critical.   Each can be used in a good way, but each has its dangers. Monumental History Monumental history focuses on examples of human greatness, individuals who â€Å"magnify the concept of man†¦.giving it a more beautiful content.†Ã‚   Nietzsche doesn’t name names, but he presumably means people like Moses, Jesus, Pericles, Socrates, Caesar, Leonardo, Goethe, Beethoven, and Napoleon.   One thing that all great individuals have in common is a cavalier willingness to risk their life and material well-being.     Such individuals can inspire us to reach for greatness ourselves.   They are an antidote to world-weariness.   But monumental history carries certain dangers.   When we view these past figures as inspirational, we may distort history by overlooking the unique circumstances that gave rise to them.   It is quite likely that no such figure could arise again since those circumstances will never occur again.   Another danger lies in the way some people treat the great achievements of the past (e.g. Greek tragedy, Renaissance painting) as canonical.   They are viewed as providing a paradigm that contemporary art should not challenge or deviate from.   When used in this way, monumental history can block the path to new and original cultural achievements. Antiquarian History Antiquarian history refers to the scholarly immersion in some past period or past culture.   This is the approach to history especially typical of academics.   It can be valuable when it helps to enhance our sense of cultural identity.   E.g. When contemporary poets acquire a deep understanding of the poetic tradition to which they belong, this enriches their own work.   They experience â€Å"the contentment of a tree with its roots.† But this approach also has potential drawbacks.   Too much immersion in the past easily leads to an undiscriminating fascination with and reverence for anything that is old, regardless of whether it is genuinely admirable or interesting.   Antiquarian history easily degenerates into mere scholarliness, where the purpose of doing history has long been forgotten.   And the reverence for the past it encourages can inhibit originality.   The cultural products of the past are seen as so wonderful that we can simply rest content with them and not try to create anything new. Critical History Critical history is almost the opposite of antiquarian history.   Instead of revering the past, one rejects it as part of the process of creating something new.   E.g. Original artistic movements are often very critical of the styles they replace (the way Romantic poets rejected the artificial diction of 18th-century poets).   The danger here, though, is that we will be unfair to the past.   In particular, we will fail to see how those very elements in past cultures that we despise were necessary; that they were among the elements that gave birth to us.   The Problems Caused by Too Much Historical Knowledge In Nietzsche’s view, his culture (and he would probably say ours too) has become bloated with too much knowledge.   And this explosion of knowledge is not serving â€Å"life†Ã¢â‚¬â€œthat is, it is not leading to a richer, more vibrant, contemporary culture.   On the contrary. Scholars obsess over methodology and sophisticated analysis.   In doing so, they lose sight of the real purpose of their work.   Always, what matters most isn’t whether their methodology is sound, but whether what they are doing serves to enrich contemporary life and culture. Very often, instead of trying to be creative and original, educated people simply immerse themselves in relatively dry scholarly activity.   The result is that instead of having a living culture, we have merely a knowledge of culture.   Instead of really experiencing things, we take up a detached, scholarly attitude to them.   One might think here, for instance, of the difference between being transported by a painting or a musical composition, and noticing how it reflects certain influences from previous artists or composers. Halfway through the essay, Nietzsche identifies five specific disadvantages of having too much historical knowledge.   The rest of the essay is mainly an elaboration on these points.   The five drawbacks are: It creates too much of a contrast between what’s going on people’s minds and the way they live.   E.g. philosophers who immerse themselves in Stoicism no longer live like Stoics; they just live like everyone else.   The philosophy is purely theoretical. Not something to be lived.It makes us think we are more just than previous ages.   We tend to look back on previous periods as inferior to us in various ways, especially, perhaps, in the area of morality.   Modern historians pride themselves on their objectivity.   But the best kind of history isn’t the kind that is scrupulously objective in a dry scholarly sense.   The best historians work like artists to bring a previous age to life.It disrupts the instincts and hinders mature development.   In supporting this idea, Nietzsche especially complains at the way modern scholars cram themselves too quickly with too much knowledge.   The result is that they lose profundity.   Extreme specialization, a nother feature of modern scholarship, leads them away from wisdom, which requires a broader view of things. It makes us think of ourselves as inferior imitators of our predecessorsIt leads to irony and to cynicism. In explaining points 4 and 5, Nietzsche embarks on a sustained critique of Hegelianism.   The essay concludes with him expressing a hope in â€Å"youth†, by which he seems to mean those who have not yet been deformed by too much education. In the Background – Richard Wagner Nietzsche does not mention in this essay his friend at the time, the composer Richard Wagner.   But in drawing the contrast between those who merely know about culture and those who are creatively engaged with culture, he almost certainly had Wagner in mind as an exemplar of the latter type.   Nietzsche was working as a professor at the time at the University of Basle in Switzerland.  Ã‚   Basle represented historical scholarship.   Whenever he could, he would take the train to Lucerne to visit Wagner, who at the time was composing his four-opera Ring Cycle.   Wagner’s house at Tribschen represented life.   For Wagner, the creative genius who was also a man of action, fully engaged in the world, and working hard to regenerate German culture through his operas, exemplified how one could use the past (Greek tragedy, Nordic legends, Romantic classical music) in a healthy way to create something new.

Chemical Composition of Petroleum

Chemical Composition of Petroleum Petroleum or crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. The composition varies widely depending on where and how the petroleum was formed. In fact, chemical analysis can be used to fingerprint the source of petroleum. However, raw petroleum or crude oil has characteristic properties and composition. Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil There are four main types of hydrocarbons found in crude oil. paraffins (15-60%)naphthenes (30-60%)aromatics (3-30%)asphaltics (remainder) The hydrocarbons primarily are alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Elemental Composition of Petroleum Although there is considerable variation between the ratios of organic molecules, the elemental composition of petroleum is well-defined: Carbon - 83 to 87%Hydrogen - 10 to 14%Nitrogen - 0.1 to 2%Oxygen - 0.05 to 1.5%Sulfur - 0.05 to 6.0%Metals - 0.1% The most common metals are iron, nickel, copper, and vanadium. Petroleum Color and Viscosity The color and viscosity of petroleum vary markedly from one place to another. Most petroleum is dark brown or blackish in color, but it also occurs in green, red, or yellow.

Does Alexander The Great Merit His Exalted Historical Reputation Essay

Does Alexander The Great Merit His Exalted Historical Reputation - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that Alexander was a military leader who led from the front, a trait that imbued his soldiers with confidence and enthusiasm. The researcher states that in a Greek context he commanded the loyalty and following of almost all the Greek city states and he made it a point never to step on the sovereignty and traditions of the Greek city states. This essay discusses that Alexander’s vision as a conqueror aimed at forging a cultural, economic and political unity between Macedonia and the Asian territories he annexed to his empire. However, from the research it can be comprehended that Alexander as a military leader happened to be impulsive and it was just owing to his good luck that he escaped getting killed in many of his foolhardy ventures. The author has rightly presented that many a times Alexander failed to understand the aspirations and sentiments of his loyal Macedonian troops, which resulted in resentment and discontent amongst them. The pre sent research has identified that Alexander merely focused on conquering new territories in Asia, without evincing the ability to install stable and lasting administrative machinery in them. This paper illustrates that the fame Alexander accrued is well deserved in the sense that the dream he embarked on happened to be too big and ambitious, ever to be attempted by a mortal in the world history.

Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Christianity - Essay Example As Christians, we have the conceptual image of how Christ’s sufferings were like and I believe that before the movie The Passion of the Christ we did not fully conceive or imagine how truly terrible His pain and suffering was. Acknowledging this fact does not damage the image of Jesus Christ at all, it only makes it more powerful and we come to appreciate more and to understand more the ampleness of His sacrifice. At the same time, some argue that the movie is not entirely biblically accurate and that this could damage to the real version of the way we are supposed to perceive Christ’s crucifixion. In my opinion, the movie is generally biblically accurate, presenting the main events starting with the capture, trial and continuing with the punishments and the crucifixion of Christ. After all, the movie reflects the director’s idea over Christ’s crucifixion and does not pretend to be a general truth.

Expressing Global Linkage with Hope Essay Example for Free

Expressing Global Linkage with Hope Essay My chosen major is Global Business. This major trains us to develop skills in management in a global perspective and further enhance these skills in trade, competition, and investments. It entails learning patterns in international and global business specifically on the terms of imports, exports, monetary relationships, and direct investment. The specific skills learned in this major are: setting a mission and vision for the global business enterprise; developing a global business plan; conducting research in an international environment; understanding the nuances of cultural, legal, political and regulatory differences; and using technology to support global trade. By entering into a career that in inline with my major, I believe that I can be an agent of change in this country by following the example of Martin Luther King. I believe that in whatever career you undergo, if you have a pure heart and if you are willing to help other people, you can do it in your chosen field. The act of being in service to humanity doesn’t only involve going to third world countries and feeding children; helping people doesn’t mean that you donate a large amount to an organization; helping people comes from a person’s initiative and will. Being in service to humanity is a choice and it is not awarded to the richest person in the world or to an ambassador. People mostly think that helping others entail helping the poor people only. I believe that this is a misconception. Being in service to humanity entails being an agent of change to humanity. I believe that I’m my chosen career, I would be able to tap a portion of society that has been neglected of change and of help not financially but morally, emotionally, and spiritually. After graduation, my career would entail me to interact and work with people all over the world. My opinion on the logistics and success of their company in a certain place would be a great influence in their decision making. Normally, business is equated with bribery, biases, discriminations, pride, and money. A businessman’s ultimate goal is always to have profit and find ways to have more profit. I want to change the techniques of people making business. I believe that I could be in service here to be able to change the long established techniques by providing businessmen with new and fresh techniques that would suet the businessmen’s goal but not harm other people. When being a middleman for a millionaire’s business, one might be blinded by money and would find ways on how to cheat the businessmen and get more money out of him. By being grounded and remaining a God fearing person, I would want to change this. Another example would be removing discrimination in the workplace. Certain people have their own biases about location, other people, etc. , and I would personally want to change that by giving equal opportunity to people in need of work. Basically I would like to be an agent of change in this field and change the perception of businessmen that they only need to worry about profit; I believe it’s time that they start thinking about other people also benefitting from them.

Bottlenose Dolphins Essay -- Papers

Bottlenose Dolphins This essay is NOT formatted Bottlenose dolphins are among the most vocal of the nonhuman animals and exhibit remarkable development of the sound production and auditory mechanisms. This can be seen in audition, which is shown in the animal’s highly refined echolocation ability, and in tightly organized schools in which they live that are made up by sound communication. In testing the communication skills of dolphins, extensive studies have been done on vocal mimicry, in which the animal imitates computer-generated sounds in order to test motor control in terms of cognitive ability. Language comprehension on the other hand has been tested through labeling of objects, which has proven to be successful regarding the association of sound and object stimulus. The biggest question in dolphin communication, is whether or not the species is capable of intentional communicative acts. Though results from studies have been debatable, the key to understanding the extent to this â€Å"language† is to determine whether they have a repertoire of grammatical rules that generate organized sequences. In determining this, the greatest accomplishment for both the scientist and all of humanity, would be to accomplish interspecies communication, creating a bridge between humans and animals which could open up a new understanding of the unknown world of wildlife. Most importantly, it is necessary to understand the incredible aptitude of dolphin communicative skills, and the impressive intelligence the animal possesses which allows for a great deal of intraspecies and interspecies communication (Schusterman, Thomas, & Wood, 1986). The acoustical reception and processing abilities of the bot... ...eday. McCowan, B., Hanser, S. F., & Doyle, L.R. (1999). Quantitative tools for comparing animal communication systems: information theory applied to bottlenose dolphin whistle repertoires. Animal Behaviour, 57, 409-419. Popov, V. V., & Supin, A. Y. (1991). Interaural intensity and latency difference in the dolphin’s auditory system. Neuroscience Letters, 133, 295-297. Schusterman, R. J., Thomas, J. A., & Wood, F. G. (1986). Dolphin Cognition and Behavior: A Comparitive Approach. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Shane, S. H. (1991). Smarts. Seafrontiers, 37, 40-43. Supin, A. Y., Popov, V. V., & Klishin, V. O. (1993). ABR Frequency Tuning Curves in Dolphins. Journal of Comparitive Psychology A, 173, 649-656. Tyack, P. L.,& Sayigh, L. S. (1989). These Dolphins Aren’t Just Whistling in the Dark. Oceanus, 32, 80-83.

History of Reality Shows Essay

1940s-1950s Precedents for television that portrayed people in unscripted situations began in the late 1940s. Queen for a Day (1945-1964) was an early example of reality-based television. The 1946 television game show Cash and Carry sometimes featured contestants performing stunts. Debuting in 1948, Allen Funt’s hidden camera Candid Camera show (based on his previous 1947 radio show, Candid Microphone) broadcast unsuspecting ordinary people reacting to pranks. In 1948, talent search shows Ted Mack’s Original Amateur Hour and Arthur Godfrey’s Talent Scouts featured amateur competitors and audience voting. In the 1950s, game shows Beat the Clock and Truth or Consequences involved contestants in wacky competitions, stunts, and practical jokes. Confession was a crime/police show which aired from June 1958 to January 1959, with interviewer Jack Wyatt questioning criminals from assorted backgrounds. The radio series Nightwatch (1951–1955) tape-recorded the daily activities of Culver City, California police officers. The series You Asked for It (1950–1959) incorporated audience involvement by basing episodes around requests sent in by postcard from viewers. 1960s-1970s First broadcast in the United Kingdom in 1964, the Granada Television television documentary Seven Up!, broadcast interviews with a dozen ordinary seven-year-olds from a broad cross section of society and inquired about their reactions to everyday life. Every seven years, a film documented the life of the same individuals during the intervening period, titled theUp Series, episodes include â€Å"7 Plus Seven†, â€Å"21 Up†, etc. (It is still ongoing.) The series was structured as a series of interviews with no element of plot. However, it did have the then-new effect of turning ordinary people into celebrities. The first reality show in the modern sense may have been the American Broadcasting Company series The American Sportsman, which ran from 1965 to 1986. A typical episode featured one or more celebrities, and sometimes their family members, being accompanied by a  camera crew on an outdoor adventure, such as hunting, fishing, hiking, scuba diving, rock climbing, wildlife photography, horseback riding, race car driving, and the like, with most of the resulting action and dialogue being unscripted, except for the narration. In the 1966 Direct Cinema film Chelsea Girls, Andy Warhol filmed various acquaintances with no direction given; the Radio Times Guide to Film 2007 stated that the film was â€Å"to blame for reality television†. The 12-part 1973 PBS series An American Family showed a nuclear family (filmed in 1971) going through a divorce; unlike many later reality shows, it was more or less documentary in purpose and style. In 1974 a counterpart program, The Family, was made in the UK, following the working class Wilkins family of Reading. Other forerunners of modern reality television were the 1970s productions of Chuck Barris: The Dating Game, The Newlywed Game, and The Gong Show, all of which featured participants who were eager to sacrifice some of their privacy and dignity in a televised competition.[10] In 1978, Living in the Past recreated life in an Iron Age English village. 1980s-1990s Producer George Schlatter capitalized on the advent of videotape to create Real People, a surprise hit for NBC which ran from 1979 to 1984. The success of Real People was quickly copied by ABC with That’s Incredible, a stunt show co-hosted by Fran Tarkenton. Canadian TV ran Thrill of a Lifetime, a fantasies-fulfilled reality show from 1982 to 1988 which was revived in 2001-03. In 1985, underwater cinematographer Al Giddings teamed with former Miss America Shawn Weatherly on the NBC seriesOceanquest. Oceanquest chronicled Weatherly’s adventures scuba diving in various exotic locales. Weatherly was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in informational programming. COPS, which first aired in the spring of 1989 and came about partly due to the need for new programming during the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike, showed police officers on duty apprehending criminals; it introduced the camcorder look and cinà ©ma và ©rità © feel of much of later real ity television. The series Nummer 28, which aired on Dutch television in 1991, originated the concept of putting strangers together in the same environment for an  extended period of time and recording the drama that ensued. Nummer 28 also pioneered many of the stylistic conventions that have since become standard in reality television shows, including a heavy use of soundtrack music and the interspersing of events on screen with after-the-fact â€Å"confessionals† recorded by cast members, that serve as narration. One year later, the same concept was used by MTV in their new series The Real World and Nummer 28 creator Erik Latour has long claimed that The Real World was directly inspired by his show. However, the producers of The Real World have stated that their direct inspiration was An American Family. According to television commentator Charlie Brooker, this type of reality television was enabled by the advent of computer-based non-linear editing systems for video (such as produced by Avid Technology) in 1989. These systems made it easy to quickly edit hours of video footage into a usable form, something that had been very difficult to do before. (Film, which was easy to edit, was too expensive to shoot enough hours of footage with on a regular basis). The TV show Expedition Robinson, created by TV producer Charlie Parsons, which first aired in 1997 in Sweden (and was later produced in a large number of other countries as Survivor), added to the Nummer 28/Real World template the idea of co mpetition and elimination, in which cast members/contestants battled against each other and were removed from the show until only one winner remained. (These shows are now sometimes called elimination shows). Changing Rooms, a TV show that began in 1996, showed couples redecorating each other’s houses, and was the first reality show with a self-improvement or makeover theme. The 1980s and 1990s were also a time when tabloid talk shows came to rise, many of which featured the same types of unusual or dysfunctional guests that would later become popular as cast members of reality shows. 2000s Reality television saw an explosion of global popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with the successes of the Big Brother and Survivor/Expedition Robinson franchises. In the United States, reality television had a temporary decline in viewership in 2001, leading some to speculate that it was a temporary fad that had run its course.  Reality shows with low ratings included The Amazing Race(although the show has since recovered), Lost (unrelated to the better-known serial drama of the same name) and The Mole. However, this proved not to be the case. Survivor and American Idol both topped the US season-average television ratings in the 2000s: Survivor led the ratings in 2001–02, and Idol topped the ratings six consecutive years, from 2004–05 to 2009–10). Internationally, a number of shows created in the late 1990s and 2000s have had massive global success. At least nine reality-television franchises have had over 30 international adaptations each: the sing ing competition franchises Idols, Star Academy and The X Factor, and other competition franchises Survivor/Expedition Robinson, Big Brother, Got Talent, Top Model, MasterChef and Dancing with the Stars. Several â€Å"reality game shows† from the same period have had even greater success, including Deal or No Deal, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and Weakest Link, with over 50 international adaptions each. (All but one of these franchises, Top Model, was created by either British producers or the Dutch production companyEndemol.) In India, the show Indian Idol was the most popular television program for its first six seasons. The 2000s saw three television channels devoted exclusively to reality television: Fox Reality in the United States, which existed from 2005 to 2010, Global Reality Channel in Canada (2010–2012) and Zone Reality in the United Kingdom (2002–2009). In addition, several other cable channels, including Bravo, A&E, E!, TLC, History, VH1 and MTV, changed their programming to mostly comprise reality television during the 2000s.[18] During the early part of the 2000s, network executives expressed concern that reality-television programming was limited in its appeal for DVD reissue and syndication. DVDs for reality shows in fact sold briskly; Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County, The Amazing Race, Project Runway, and America’s Next Top Model all ranked in the top DVDs sold onAmazon.com, and in the mid-2000s, DVDs of The Simple Life outranked scripted shows like The O.C. and Desperate Housewives. Syndication, however, has indeed proven problematic; shows such as Fear Factor, COPS and Wife Swap in which each episode is self-contained can indeed be rerun fairly easily, but usually only on cable television and/or during the daytime (COPS and America’s Funniest Home Videos being exceptions). Season-long  competitions such a s The Amazing Race, Survivor, and America’s Next Top Model generally perform more poorly and usually must be rerun in marathons to draw the necessary viewers to make it worthwhile. (Even in these cases, it is not always successful: Dancing with the Starswas picked up for a ten-season run on GSN in 2012 and was run in marathon format, but experienced very poor ratings.) Another option is to create documentaries around series including extended interviews with the participants and outtakes not seen in the original airings; the syndicated series American Idol Rewind is an example of this strategy. COPS has had huge success in syndication, direct response sales and DVD. A FOX staple since 1989, COPS has, as of 2013, outlasted all competing scripted police shows. Another series that has seen wide success is â€Å"Cheaters†, which has been running since 2000 in the US and is syndicated in over 100 countries worldwide. In 2001, the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences adde d the reality genre to the Emmy Awards with the category ofOutstanding Reality Program. In 2003, to better differentiate between competition and informational reality programs, a second category, Outstanding Reality-Competition Program, was added. In 2008, a third category, Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program, was added. 2010s In 2010, The Tester became the first reality television show aired over a video game console. By 2012, many of the long-running reality television show franchises in the United States, such as American Idol, Dancing with the Stars and The Bachelor, had begun to see declining ratings. However, reality television as a whole remained highly durable in the U.S., with hundreds of shows across many channels. In 2012 New York Magazine’s Vulture blog published a humorous Venn diagram showing popular themes across American reality shows then running, including shows set in the U.S. states of Alaska, Louisiana and Texas, shows about cakes, weddings and pawnbrokers, and shows, usually competition-based, whose title includes the word â€Å"Wars†. The Voice, a singing competition franchise created by John de Mol that started in 2010, is the newest highly successful reality  television franchise, with almost 50 international adaptations. Duck Dynasty, a reality series featuring the Robertson family that founded Duck Commander, in 2013 became the most popular reality series in U.S. cable television history. Its fourth season premiere was viewed by nearly 12 million viewers in the United States, most of which were in rural markets; its rural audience share has ranked in the 30s, an extremely high number for any series, broadcast or cable. RESEARCH AND FORUM COMMENTS I did a research in 7th grade, and research showed that 40 students watch some reality show and just 11 don’t. Also, I find a Big Brother forum and here are some comments from there: 1. In my opinion, Big Brother is the best show on TV. It’s about real people in real life situations. They teach us something about human nature†¦And it’s fun to watch! 2. Reality TV never teaches me anything. I don’t believe for a second it shows people in realistic situations. What’s realistic about being isolated from the rest of the world and recorded by cameras 24/7 3. I think that’s a great idea-who doesn’t want to be on TV and star in TV show? 4. Big Brother is my favourite show. I think that is really funny and that you can learn a lot from people who are there. Opinions are different, but there is more people who watch reality shows and enjoy in them, than people who don’t watch them.

Psychology: Nervous System and William James

1. Professor Lewis studies the history of psychology. She would most likely agree with which of the following statements about psychology's early history? 2. In thinking about psychology and consciousness, the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities that interact makes a lot of sense to you. This view that you hold is most like the view of: 3. Interactive dualism is the idea that: Mind and body were separate entities that interact to produce sensations, emotions, and other conscious experiences. 4. Psychology is formally defined as:The scientific study of unconscious mental processes. 5. Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the following phenomena? Wundt investigated basic sensory and perceptual processes. 6. Which of the following events do most historians consider to mark the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline? In 1879 Wundt opened the first psychology research laboratory which marked psychology as an independent field of study. 7. Which early ap proach or â€Å"school† of psychology is associated with Wilhelm Wundt's student Edward Titchener? Structuralism 8.You are a subject in an experiment who is told: â€Å"Look at this apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them. † The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology? Structuralism 9. Which of the following people played a key role in establishing psychology as a scientific discipline in the United States? William James 10. Which school of psychology would agree that â€Å"psychology should stress the study of how behavior and mental processes allow people and animals to adapt to their environments†?Functionalism 11. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about Mary Whiton Calkins? 12. Who would have been most likely to say: â€Å"Why you behave the way you do is because of unconscious reasons, not reasons in your consciousness†? Sigmund Freud 13. Your therapist is v ery interested in your dreams, blocked memories, and slips of the tongue. On which approach to psychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy? Psychoanalysis 14. Behaviorism was characterized by: observable behaviors that could be objectively measured and verified. 15. My goal is to discover how behavior is acquired and modified in response to environmental influences. † Such a statement would most likely be made by: William James 16. Who conditioned dogs to reflexively salivate to the sound of a bell rather than food? Ivan Pavlov 17. Two key figures in the development of humanistic psychology include: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow 18. Which of the following people developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth? Carl Rogers 19. Humanistic psychology emphasized: In self-determination, free-will, and the importance of choice in human behavior. 0. The development of drugs that helped control the symptoms of severe psychological disorders an d development of techniques to study the human brain contributed to the importance of _____ psychology in recent decades. 21. Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who helps people develop choices and self-direction in striving to reach their fullest potential. Dr. Barongon probably subscribes to the Humanistic perspective of psychology. 22. The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on: mental processes, including reasoning and thinking, problem soving, memory, perception, mental imagery, and language. 3. As a psychology researcher, you have found that the public expression of emotions differs among people from the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fits best with which perspective in psychology? 24. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collectivistic cultures? 25. In collectivistic cultures, a person's sense of identity: is interdependent with others 26. Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to: judge other cultures by the standards o f our own culture. 27. Which of the following statements best characterizes the principle of natural selection? 28.Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of: studies how our brains perceive, process, interpret, and respond to internal and external stimuli. 29. Mrs. Brunberg works with children who have special needs, helping them to develop their intellectual and social skills. Mrs. Brunberg is most likely a _____ psychologist. 30. Lynn has just received a research grant to study the effect of downsizing on morale at a large computer company. Lynn is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist. 31. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about clinical psychologists? 32. Which of the following best represents psychology's basic goals? escribe, explain, predict, and influence behavior 33. Empirical evidence refers to evidence that is the result of: verifiable evidence based on objective observation, measurement and experimentation 34. A hypothesis is: A tentative statement about the r elationship between variables. 35. An operational definition is: A precise description of how the variables will be measured. 36. Which type of research method is used to show that one variable causes change in another variable? Independent variable 37. In contrast to the experimental method, the basic goal of the descriptive methods is to:observe and describe behavior. 8. Meta-analysis is: Used to analyze the results of several studies into a single analysis in order to identify overall trends. 39. The word replicate refers to: To repeat or duplicate a scientific study in order to increase confidence in the validity of the original findings. 40. When psychologists systematically observe and record behaviors as they occur in their natural settings, they are using a descriptive method called: they are using the descriptive method called naturalisticobservation. 41. A pseudoscience is a: A fake or false science that makes claims based on little or no scientific evidence. 2. A case stu dy is a(n): Highly detailed description of a single individual. 43. One potential problem with surveys and questionnaires is that: people may not report accurate information 44. A correlation coefficient is: Used to measure how an independent variable relates to dependent variable 45. The research method that is used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effects on another variable is called: Independent Variable 46. In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is: The controlled factor in an experiment.It is hypothesized to cause an effect on another variable. 47. In an experiment, the dependent variable is: The measured facts. It is hypothesized to be affected. 48. Random assignment refers to a procedure that: Every subject in the study should have an equal chance of being placed in either the experimental or control group. 49. The purpose of the control group in an experiment is to: To have a group of stable and unchanged variables to compare and analyze results to. 50. The purpose of using a double-blind research design is to: help prevent the influence of inadvertent demand chatacterisitcs. 1. The ethical requirement of informed consent means that: purpose procedures risks confidentiality alternatives to participation costs compensation questions consent statement participation is voluntary 52. The branch of psychology that is focused on understanding the internal physical events and processes that correspond with our experiences and behavior is called: biological psychology 53. The branch of science that is concerned with the study of the nervous system is called: neuroscience 54. Which of the following is TRUE of glial cells? functions like glue Forms the myelin sheathAssist neurons in communicating with each other Removes waste products from neurons Nourishes neurons Besides the neuron, it also the other main type of cell in nervous system 55. The three basic types of neurons are: Sens ory Neurons, Motor Neurons, and Interneurons 56. Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons? Interneurons 57. The primary function of the myelin sheath is to: The primary function is to insulate the neuron cells so that it can conduct quickly. 58. The presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron are separated by a tiny, fluid-filled space called the: Synaptic Gap 9. Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter? They are special chemical messengers manufactured by the neuron. 60. What happens to the neurotransmitters that fail to attach to a receptor site? They are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron so that they can be recycled and used again. 61. Like a key in a lock, the shape of the Neurotransmitters must fit the Receptor site to affect the postsynaptic neuron. 62. The neurotransmitter called acetylcholine: Is found in all motor neurons. It stimulates muscles to contract, including the heart and stomach muscles. 63.Parkinson's disease is caused by the degeneration of neurons that produce: Dopamine 64. Miguel jogs about five miles a day. At roughly the three-mile point, Miguel usually experiences a rush of positive feelings due to heavy levels of Endorphins. 65. The two main divisions of the nervous system are the Central nervous system and the Peripheral Nervous System. 66. In combination, the brain and spinal cord make up the: Motor neurons 67. The autonomic nervous system is composed of two different branches called the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems. 68. Which of the following best defines neurogenesis?The development of new neurons. 69. Which represents the largest region of the brain? Cerebrum 70. The primary communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called: Corpus Callosum 71. The hippocampus plays a key role in: The ability to form new memories. 72. Of the following brain structures, which is associated with the emotional responses of fear, disgust, and anger? Amygdala 73. W hy was the split-brain operation first performed? It was performed to stop the patient’s seizures. 74. Functional plasticity: Refers to the brains ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain. 75.The notion of structural plasticity: Refers to the brain’s ability to physically change its structure in response to learning, active practice, or environment stimulation. 76. In psychology, the term sensation formally refers to: The process of detecting a physical stimulus such as light, sound, heat, or pressure. 77. In contrast to sensation, the term perception is formally defined as the: Process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory. 78. The process by which physical energy, such as light, is converted into a coded neural signal that can be transmitted to and interpreted by the brain is called: Transduction 9. The smallest possible stimulus that can be detected half the time, or the minimum level of stimuli that we can detect is called: The abso lute threshold 80. The smallest possible difference between two stimuli that can be detected is called the: absolute threshold 81. According to Weber’s Law, whether we can detect a change in the strength of a stimulus depends upon the intensity of the original stimulus. 82. Perception that is below the threshold of conscious perception is called: Subliminal Perception 83. John puts one toe into the swimming pool and shivers because the water is so cold.He grits his teeth and dives in anyway. After about ten minutes, the temperature of the water seems quite comfortable to him. This example illustrates the principle of: Sensory Adaption 84. Rods are used for vision in Dark light, and cones are used for vision in Bright light. 85. Which theory best explains color vision in humans? The trichromatic theory and opponent process theory. 86. The sense of hearing is also known as: Audition 87. As you walk into your office, you are almost overwhelmed by the strong smell of the cologne with which the copier repairman has doused himself.Because you have studied this chapter, however, you reassure yourself that sensory adaptation will occur and you will become much less aware of the odor in approximately: 88. The best candidates for hypnosis are people who: Approach the experience with positive, receptive attitudes. 89. A group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness is a definition of: Meditation 90. Chemical substances that can alter arousal, mood, thinking, sensation, and perception are called: Psychoactive drugs 91. Taste is to gustation as smell is to olfaction. 92.According to your textbook, factors that can INCREASE the perception of pain include: Anxiety and a sense of helplessness. 93. You are able to maintain your equilibrium and balance because of the: Vestibular Sense 94. The term gestalt means: meaningful whole perceptions 95. The ability to accurately gauge the distance of the coffee cup on your desk as you reach for it is called: depth perception 96. As you walk on the beach, every detail of the rocks, shells, and sand beneath your feet seem crisp and distinct. As you look further down the beach, however, the details of the ground in the distance seem fuzzy and blurred.Because of the depth perception cue of texture gradient, you perceive the ground beneath your feet to be much closer than the ground that extends into the distance. 97. Distance cues that involve both eyes are called _____ cues. binocular 98. Distance cues that require the use of only one eye are called _____ cues. vestibular 99. It was the famous American psychologist named _____ who described consciousness as being like a river or a stream. William James 100. The term circadian rhythm refers to: any rhythmic change that continues at close to a 24 hour cycle in the absence of 24 hour cues. 01. Circadian rhythms that are drastically out of synchronization with daylight and darkness cues can produce: jet lag 102. If you are like most people, you experience a daily slump in your mental alertness around 3 o'clock each afternoon. This daily fluctuation in mental alertness is an example of: delta brain wave activity. 103. According to the activation-synthesis model of dreaming: dreams are a byproduct of physiological processes in the brain. 104. As you are reading this question, you are awake and alert. This means that your brain is generating beta brain waves. 105.Shortly after going to bed and as you are falling asleep, you experience the vividly realistic sensation that you are falling or tripping forward, which jolts you awake. This vivid sensation is a common example of: hypnologic hallucinations 106. As you are being monitored by sleep researchers, almost all of your brain activity comprises delta brain waves. This is a clear sign that you are in: stage 4 NREM sleep 107. According to the adaptive theory of sleep: sleep emerged in evolution 108. The most common sleep complaint among adults is: Insomnia 109. Somnambulism is also called: Sleep walking 110.The term nocturnal enuresis is: bedwetting 111. The parasomnias are: undesirable physical arousal, behaviors, or events during sleep or sleep transitions. 112. What is sexsomnia? abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during sleep 113. In a study described in your text, research participants learned a new task before going to sleep. During the night, some participants were repeatedly awakened during NREM sleep, other participants during REM sleep. What did the researchers find when they tested the participants on the new skill the next day? 114. What is a lucid dream? When you can control your dreams 15. Who said, â€Å"In every dream an instinctual wish has to represented as fulfilled. † Sigmund Freud 116. Which of the following best defines hypnosis? A cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotists suggestions. 117. Pseudomemories: are false memories that can be inadve rtently created when under hypnosis 118. The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is: Caffeine 119. Alcohol is classified as a: Depressant 120. Prolonged use of cocaine can: cause withdrawal symptoms. 121. Brandy is fond of attending all-night raves at a dance club near her home.Some of the raves are drug-free, but at one rave she saw a friend who was sweating profusely, chewing ice and a plastic pacifier, drinking large quantities of water, and hugging everyone in reach as he proclaimed his love for all humanity. Brandy suspected that her friend was probably high on _____. 122. Methamphetamine is a type of amphetamine that can be easily manufactured, provides an intense high, and causes a reduction in the brain's dopamine transporters and receptors. 123. _____ are highly addictive drugs that suppress appetite, produce euphoria, and reduce fatigue. Ecstacy 124. Which of the following is NOT classified as a stimulant?

Free Essays on Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs

, people who are deprived of lower needs ... Free Essays on Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs Free Essays on Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow is known for establishing the theory of a hierarchy of needs, writing that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. Maslow studied exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglas rather than mentally ill or neurotic people. This was a radical departure from two of the chief schools of psychology of his day: Freud and B.F. Skinner. Freud saw little difference between the motivations of humans and animals. We are supposedly rational beings; however, we do not act that way. Such pessimism, Maslow believed, was the result of Freud's study of mentally ill people. "The study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology and a cripple philosophy" (Motivation and Personality). Skinner, on the other hand, studied how pigeons and white rats learn. His motivational models were based on simple rewards such as food and water, sex, and avoidance of pain. Say "sit" to your dog and give the dog a treat when it sits, and-after several repetitionsthe dog will sit when you command it to do so. Maslow thought that psychologists should instead study the playfulness, affection, etc., of animals. He also believed that Skinner discounted things that make humans different from each other. Instead, Skinner relied on statistical descriptions of people. Maslow's hierarchy of needs was an alternative to the depressing determinism of Freud and Skinner. He felt that people are basically trustworthy, self-protecting, and self-governing. Humans tend toward growth and love. Although there is a continuous cycle of human wars, murder, deceit, etc., he believed that violence is not what human nature is meant to be like. Violence and other evils occur when human needs are thwarted. In other words, people who are deprived of lower needs ...

A Freedom Writer Toast For Change English Literature Essay

A Freedom Writer Toast For Change English Literature Essay A Freedom Writer named Maria entered class during the Toast for Change and was the first person to declare what she wanted to change in her life. Maria didn’t want to end up pregnant at fifteen like her mother, end up in prison like her father, or wind up dead at the age of eighteen like her cousin. She wanted a clean slate, and a bright future, but she didn’t want to start by reading Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. Maria felt she couldn’t relate to Anne Frank, and on top of that she hated reading. Ms. Gruwell believed Maria would find herself within the pages of the book, and Maria wanted to prove her wrong. So one night as she read about Anne and the hardships she endured while living in the attic she realized Ms. Gruwell had been right! Anne and Maria have a lot of things in common. Even though Anne wasn’t Latina, and didn’t grow up in the same neighborhood as Maria, these two girls faced both discrimination based on the way they looked. After Maria finished the book Ms. Gruwell began to notice changes within her student. She had a better attitude in class, more focused on her studies, and became more interested in class material. # 2 In the fall of 1995, a freedom writer was sent on a mission by her family. Her goal is to defend her own against and testify against a rival gang member. This young woman was a witness to a murder committed by her friend Paco. A rival gang member sat on the opposite side of the court room falsely accused of the murder. She was always taught to protect her family no matter the circumstances. Her mind should have been made up, lie and go home, but as she sat on the witness stand two natures were at war inside of her, good and evil. The good nature told her to do what is right and tell the truth, the evil nature kept chanting protect your own and send an innocent man to prison. The decision had not been so easy anymore and someone made what Paco thought would be a smooth trial into someth ing her family and friends never thought could happen. On the opposite side of the court room, sat the rival gang members family. Her eyes gazed over their faces, almost all were filled with anger except one. A woman the author described as being strong with tears in her eyes. Out of all the faces in the court room this one was familiar. The strong woman with tears in her eyes resembled all the author and her mother went through when her father was on trial. She saw her mother and herself in the woman’s shoes, and a flashback of the day her father was sent to prison. At that moment she knew what she had to do. It frightened her because this was not part of the plan, if she did what was right the mission would not be accomplished and the one principal that held her family together would be shattered. The image of her mother gave her the power to end the fight between right and wrong. In this court room she realized the power she possessed. She could give this woman what was de nied to her mother so long ago, the truth and her family.

The Social Impact of Two Artwork Collections Case Study

The Social Impact of Two Artwork Collections - Case Study Example This leads to the question that needs answers, which is: what does art research contribute to the society? The question can also query what the influence or the impacts of arts research are, outside the circles of academic work. Through the exploration of two artwork collections, the impact should be demonstrated in social, economic, and cultural circles. Through this paper, the author will demonstrate the social impact of the exhibitions created by two artists; more attention will be offered to the reactions and the responses of visitors. This study will be used to explore the role played by artworks and its impacts in the society. For this particular case study, the researcher will only focus on the social impact of artworks, as tools that can be used to drive change or to communicate a message within the society. A descriptive model will be used for this study. The study will rely on the reactions offered by the viewers of the two artworks, as well as a review of available literature about the two artworks used as the cases for the study. Through the combination of the information collected from different sources of literature, as well as the views offered by the visitors that viewed the two artworks After consolidating the information collected from the different sources, the author will consolidate the information into a unified set of conclusions, summarizing information about the intended audience, the intended outcomes, the role of the artworks in society and also the impacts of the works. Through the review of the literature, it was found that the ‘translation’ exhibition was developed by Jim Pattison, who is a lecturer at the School of Fine Art, at the University of Dundee (University of Dundee). The research of Jim Pattison took more than ten years, focusing on the translation of information and images using digital equipment, entailing the remodeling and the transformation of  the virtual images captured during his exposure to medical procedures.